Glossary
Compartmentation
Plain-Language Definition
The division of a building into fire-resistant compartments using fire-rated walls, floors, and doors to prevent fire and smoke from spreading beyond the compartment of origin, allowing time for evacuation and firefighting.
Technical Context
Compartmentation requires: fire-rated walls (typically FRL 120/120/120 for compartment walls), fire-rated floors, fire doors (FRL 60/60/30 or 120/120/30) with self-closers, fire stopping at all penetrations (pipes, cables, ducts passing through fire walls), and fire dampers in ducts crossing compartment boundaries. Compartment sizes are specified by building codes based on use, height, and sprinkler provision.
Why It Matters
Compartmentation is the primary passive fire protection strategy. When fire doors are propped open, fire stops are missing at cable penetrations, or ceiling voids are not properly compartmented, a small fire can spread throughout the building. Compartmentation failures are the most common finding in fire safety audits.
Related Terms
Related Articles
Explore in-depth articles related to this topic in the Knowledge Library.
Search Knowledge Library →