LOTO (Lock Out Tag Out)

LOTO procedures are mandated by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 (US) and equivalent standards globally. The procedure involves: identify all energy sources (electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, chemical, gravitational), shut down equipment using normal operating controls, isolate energy at source (disconnect switches, valves, breakers), apply individual locks and tags with worker identification, verify zero energy state (try-start, voltage testing, pressure gauge check), and perform the maintenance work. Locks must be individually keyed — one lock per worker. Tags alone are insufficient where locks can be applied. After work completion, the reverse sequence ensures safe re-energisation. Annual procedure review and retraining is required.

Failure to control hazardous energy causes approximately 10% of serious workplace injuries in industrial settings. LOTO prevents electrocution, crushing, burns, and amputations during maintenance. In Bangladesh, where industrial safety enforcement varies, implementing LOTO is one of the highest-impact safety measures an FM team can adopt.