Glossary
Power Factor
Plain-Language Definition
The ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an electrical system. Power factor ranges from 0 to 1.0, with 1.0 being ideal. Low power factor means electrical current is being wasted.
Technical Context
Power factor is caused by inductive loads (motors, transformers, fluorescent ballasts) that draw reactive current. Improving power factor: install power factor correction capacitors (automatic PFC panel). Utility penalties: most Bangladesh electricity providers charge penalties for power factor below 0.85. Good practice: maintain power factor ≥0.95.
Why It Matters
Low power factor wastes electrical capacity, increases current (causing cable heating and losses), and incurs utility penalties. A building with 0.80 power factor is effectively wasting 20% of its electrical capacity. PFC capacitor installation typically pays back in 1-2 years through reduced utility penalties alone.
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